The role of mechanically sensitive ion channel Piezo1 in bone remodeling.

Piezo1 (2010) was identified as a mechanically activated cation channel capable of sensing various physical forces, such as tension, osmotic pressure, and shear force. Piezo1 mediates mechanosensory transduction in different organs and tissues, including its role in maintaining bone homeostasis. This review aimed to summarize the function and possible mechanism of Piezo1 in the mechanical receptor cells in bone tissue. We found that it is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of bone diseases.

Comparison of pain intensity and impacts on oral health-related quality of life between orthodontic patients treated with clear aligners and fixed appliances: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the pain intensity and impacts on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) between orthodontic patients treated with clear aligners (CAs) and fixed appliances (FAs). METHODS: A systematic search was conducted up to December 2022 using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective non-randomized controlled trials (non-RCTs) comparing pain intensity or OHRQoL between patients treated with CAs and FAs were included. The risk of bias (RoB) of individual studies was evaluated using the Cochrane RoB tool 2.0 and ROBINS-I tool for RCTs and non-RCTs, respectively. Further, meta-analyses were separately conducted for each included study using the total oral health impact profile (OHIP)-14 and visual analog scale (VAS) scores to evaluate OHRQoL and pain intensity, respectively. RESULTS: Overall, 12 studies (5 RCTs and 7 non-RCTs) were included in the study. Subgroup analyses conducted according to the total OHIP-14 scores revealed that patients treated with CAs had higher OHRQoL at 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months of the treatment. Meanwhile, subgroup analyses conducted according to the VAS scores revealed that pain levels were lower in the CA group only at 3 and 4 days of the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Patients treated with clear aligners had higher OHRQoL than those treated with fixed appliances during orthodontic treatment. However, OHRQoL appeared to be similar between the two groups at the end of the treatment. Moreover, patients treated with clear aligners experienced lesser pain than those treated with fixed appliances on the third and fourth day after the initial treatment. The difference in pain intensity between the two treatment modalities was not noted at other time points.

Role of mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 in tension-side orthodontic alveolar bone remodeling in rats.

OBJECTIVE: Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is based on alveolar bone remodeling under mechanical force. In 2010, Piezo1 was identified as a mechanosensitive ion channel that is involved in various physiological functions. We aimed to determine the role of Piezo1 in alveolar bone remodeling during OTM. DESIGN: Twenty-five six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected to establish OTM models and sacrificed in groups of five on days 0, 1, 3, 7, and 14. Stereomicroscopy measurements, hematoxylin and eosin staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, and immunohistochemical staining were performed to examine the tooth movement distance, periodontal tissue morphology, and number of multinucleated osteoclasts, and explore the levels of Piezo1, bone-related factors, and Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway at different time points in tension-side periodontal tissues during OTM. Furthermore, we injected equivalent grammostola mechanotoxin 4 (GsMTx4; GsMTx4 group, 25 rats) or saline (control group, 25 rats) to OTM rats and recorded the aforementioned measurement indices. RESULTS: Piezo1, bone-related factors and Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway levels were elevated on the tension side by orthodontic force in the OTM model. GsMTX4 administration downregulated the aforementioned factors and reduced the tooth movement rate. CONCLUSIONS: Piezo1 is essential for alveolar bone remodeling during OTM. The Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway might participate in Piezo1-mediated bone remodeling.